What is a Space Cake? An Introduction to This Unique Treat
Space cakes are a one-of-a-kind edible delight that have captured the imaginations (and taste buds) of adventurous bakers across the world. Originating from Amsterdam’s coffee shops, these cakes are no ordinary dessert—they are often infused with cannabis, giving them a unique potency that goes beyond traditional baking. But what exactly is a space cake, and what makes it so popular, particularly in cities like London?
The Concept of a Space Cake
In simple terms, a space cake is a baked dessert that incorporates cannabis, typically in the form of THC-infused butter (cannabutter). While traditional cakes rely on flavour and texture alone, space cakes add an element of psychoactive experience, making them a popular choice among cannabis enthusiasts.
Space cakes can be as simple as sponge cakes or as elaborate as layered, frosted confections. Their versatility in design and flavour means they appeal to a wide range of palates, from chocolate lovers to those who prefer fruity, nutty creations.
Why Are Space Cakes Popular in the UK?
The rising interest in cannabis culture, combined with a growing acceptance of CBD products in the UK, has contributed to the popularity of space cakes. In London, where creative food trends thrive, space cakes have found a niche among experimental bakers and culinary enthusiasts. While cannabis itself remains illegal for recreational use in the UK, many are drawn to the concept of space cakes for their novelty and the potential therapeutic effects associated with THC.
Legal Considerations in the UK
It’s crucial to address the legal grey area surrounding space cakes in the UK. While cannabis is classified as a Class B drug under UK law, making possession and use illegal, exceptions exist for medical cannabis prescriptions. Those interested in making space cakes must be aware of these legalities, as preparing or consuming cannabis-infused edibles at home could result in legal consequences. Read details here!
For those who wish to enjoy the concept without legal risks, non-cannabis alternatives such as CBD-infused cakes are becoming increasingly popular. CBD, the non-psychoactive compound derived from cannabis, is legal in the UK and offers a similar culinary novelty without the psychoactive effects.
The Cultural Fascination with Space Cakes
In Amsterdam, space cakes are often associated with the city’s liberal cannabis laws and vibrant coffee shop culture. This cultural backdrop has helped popularise space cakes worldwide. In London, however, they are more of a niche curiosity, often associated with underground culinary experiments or private events.
Varieties of Space Cakes
When it comes to space cakes, creativity knows no bounds. Here are a few popular varieties:
Classic Chocolate Space Cake: Rich, dense, and perfect for chocolate lovers.
Fruity Space Cake: Incorporating fresh fruits like berries or citrus for a lighter option.
Layered Space Cake: Designed for celebrations, these cakes can feature multiple layers and intricate decorations.
Mini Space Muffins: For those who prefer bite-sized treats, these are a great alternative.
Effects of Space Cakes
One of the defining features of space cakes is the way they deliver their effects. Unlike smoking cannabis, which provides an almost immediate high, the effects of a space cake can take 30 minutes to 2 hours to set in. This delayed onset can lead to overconsumption if users aren’t careful, as it’s easy to underestimate the potency while waiting for the effects to kick in.
Why Make Space Cakes at Home?
For many, making space cakes at home is a fun and rewarding experience. It allows for complete control over ingredients, potency, and flavour. However, for those in the UK, crafting space cakes requires careful consideration of both the legal landscape and the desired effects.
Sourcing Ingredients for a Space Cake in London – A Complete Guide
Making a space cake at home in London starts with gathering the right ingredients. For a successful bake, you’ll need both essential baking components and cannabis-related products if you’re planning to include THC or CBD. Let’s explore where to find these ingredients, their approximate costs in London, and how to select the best options for your space cake adventure.
Essential Ingredients for a Space Cake
Regardless of whether you’re opting for a cannabis-infused or non-cannabis version, the basic ingredients for a space cake are similar to those of a traditional cake. Here’s what you’ll need:
Flour (Plain or Self-Raising):
Type: Plain for cakes requiring a raising agent; self-raising for simpler recipes.
Where to Buy: Available in all major supermarkets like Tesco, Sainsbury’s, and Waitrose.
Price: £1–£2 per kg.
Sugar (Granulated or Caster):
Type: Caster sugar works best for a smooth texture, while granulated sugar can be used for budget-friendly bakes.
Where to Buy: Easily found in supermarkets or local grocery shops.
Price: £1–£2 per kg.
Butter (Unsalted or Cannabutter):
Type: Unsalted butter for traditional cakes; cannabutter for cannabis-infused space cakes.
Where to Buy: Unsalted butter is readily available in supermarkets (£2–£3 per 250g), while cannabutter may require preparation at home (explained later).
Eggs (Large):
Type: Fresh, free-range eggs are ideal.
Where to Buy: Any supermarket or farmers’ market.
Price: £2–£3 for a pack of 6 large eggs.
Flavouring (Vanilla Extract, Cocoa Powder, etc.):
Type: Vanilla extract, cocoa powder, or natural flavourings based on your cake type.
Where to Buy: Widely available in baking aisles of supermarkets.
Price: £1–£4 depending on the ingredient.
Milk or Milk Alternatives:
Type: Whole milk or plant-based alternatives like almond or oat milk.
Where to Buy: Supermarkets or specialty health stores.
Price: £1.50–£3 per litre.
Baking Powder or Baking Soda:
Type: For leavening the cake (if using plain flour).
Where to Buy: Baking aisles of major supermarkets.
Price: £1–£2 per container.
Sourcing Cannabis or CBD for Space Cakes in the UK
If you plan to make a cannabis-infused space cake, you’ll need to source cannabis or CBD products within the UK’s legal framework. Here’s how:
Cannabutter
Cannabutter is the key ingredient in cannabis-infused edibles. While cannabis cannot legally be purchased in the UK for recreational use, those with a medical prescription may have access.
Alternative: If cannabis is not an option, CBD butter is a legal substitute that mimics the culinary experience without the psychoactive effects.
How to Make Cannabutter: Cannabis must be decarboxylated to activate THC before infusion into butter. (More on this in Part 3.)
CBD Oil or Isolate
CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabis compound that is fully legal in the UK.
Where to Buy: Reputable stores such as Holland & Barrett, or online retailers like Blessed CBD.
Price: £20–£50 per bottle, depending on potency and quality.
Understanding Costs and Accessibility in London
The total cost of ingredients will depend on whether you’re making a simple cake or adding cannabis-derived products. Here’s a breakdown:
Ingredient | Source | Approximate Cost (London) |
Flour (Plain/Self-Raising) | Tesco/Sainsbury’s | £1–£2 per kg |
Sugar (Caster/Granulated) | Waitrose/Tesco | £1–£2 per kg |
Butter (Unsalted) | Tesco/Sainsbury’s | £2–£3 per 250g |
Eggs (6 Large) | Sainsbury’s/Waitrose | £2–£3 per pack |
Flavourings | Tesco/Online | £1–£4 per bottle |
Milk | Tesco/Health Stores | £1.50–£3 per litre |
Cannabutter (Homemade) | DIY Preparation | Cost varies by cannabis price |
CBD Oil | Holland & Barrett | £20–£50 per bottle |
Tips for Ingredient Selection
Prioritise Quality: High-quality ingredients can make or break your space cake, particularly if you’re experimenting with flavours like cocoa or vanilla.
Plan for Potency: If using cannabis or CBD, ensure you measure dosage carefully to avoid overpowering effects.
Choose Locally: Supporting local suppliers and bakeries not only ensures fresh ingredients but also aligns with London’s ethos of sustainability.
Popular Stores for Baking Supplies in London
Cake Craft World (Bromley): Ideal for unique baking tools and decorations.
Hobbycraft (Various Locations): A wide selection of baking essentials and accessories.
Whole Foods Market (Piccadilly Circus): Great for organic and specialty baking ingredients.
Holland & Barrett (Multiple Locations): Best for CBD products and health-focused alternatives.
Adjusting for Dietary Needs
London’s diverse food culture encourages inclusivity, making it easy to adapt your space cake to dietary restrictions:
Vegan: Replace eggs with flaxseed or chia seeds mixed with water, and opt for plant-based milk and butter.
Gluten-Free: Use gluten-free flour blends available at stores like Whole Foods or Asda.
Sugar-Free: Substitute sugar with natural sweeteners like stevia or agave syrup.
Here is a regular table showing the nutritional values of typical space cake ingredients:
Ingredient | Calories (kcal) | Protein (g) | Carbohydrates (g) | Fat (g) | Fibre (g) | Sugars (g) |
Plain Flour (100g) | 364 | 10.0 | 76.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.3 |
Caster Sugar (100g) | 387 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
Unsalted Butter (100g) | 717 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 81.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Cannabutter (100g) | 717 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 81.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Egg (Large) | 70 | 6.3 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
Whole Milk (100ml) | 42 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 |
Vanilla Extract (1 tsp) | 12 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Cocoa Powder (100g) | 228 | 20.0 | 58.0 | 13.0 | 33.0 | 0.0 |
Chocolate Chips (100g) | 500 | 5.0 | 60.0 | 30.0 | 3.0 | 50.0 |
This table is now formatted for easy reading without sliders. Let me know if you need further modifications!
How to Make a Space Cake at Home in London – A Step-by-Step Recipe
Now that you’ve gathered your ingredients and have a good understanding of the essentials, it’s time to dive into the preparation process. Making a space cake at home is an exciting culinary adventure, and with the right steps, you can craft a delicious and perfectly infused treat. Whether you’re creating a cannabis-infused cake (where legally permissible) or a CBD-based alternative, this guide has you covered.
Equipment You’ll Need:
Before starting, ensure you have the following equipment on hand:
Mixing bowls (large and medium-sized)
A whisk or electric mixer
Measuring cups and spoons
A cake tin (8-inch round or square)
Baking paper (optional)
A saucepan (for making cannabutter)
An oven thermometer (to ensure precise baking temperatures)
Cooling rack
Step 1: Prepare Your Cannabutter (If Using THC or CBD)
What Is Cannabutter?Cannabutter is a key ingredient in space cakes, created by infusing cannabis or CBD into butter. Here’s how to make it:
Decarboxylate Your Cannabis (For THC):
Why: Decarboxylation is essential to activate THC in cannabis, ensuring its psychoactive effects.
How: Preheat your oven to 115°C (240°F). Spread the cannabis on a baking sheet and bake for 30–45 minutes.
Tip: Stir occasionally to ensure even heating.
Infuse the Butter:
Melt 250g of unsalted butter in a saucepan over low heat.
Add the decarboxylated cannabis or CBD isolate (approximately 7–10g for a mild potency).
Simmer for 2–3 hours, stirring occasionally.
Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth to remove plant material, leaving you with smooth cannabutter.
Note: Store cannabutter in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
Step 2: Gather Ingredients for the Cake Batter
Here’s what you’ll need for a standard 8-inch space cake:
Flour (Plain): 2 cups (250g)
Baking Powder: 2 teaspoons
Cannabutter or Unsalted Butter: 200g, softened
Caster Sugar: 1½ cups (300g)
Eggs: 3 large
Milk: ½ cup (120ml)
Vanilla Extract: 1 teaspoon
Optional Additions: Cocoa powder, chocolate chips, or fruit (based on your flavour preference)
Step 3: Prepare the Cake Batter
Preheat Your Oven:
Set your oven to 175°C (350°F) and grease the cake tin. You can also line the tin with baking paper for easier removal.
Mix the Dry Ingredients:
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour and baking powder. Set aside.
Cream the Butter and Sugar:
In a large bowl, beat the cannabutter (or regular butter) with sugar until light and fluffy. This step is crucial for a soft texture.
Add Eggs and Vanilla:
Beat in the eggs one at a time, ensuring each is fully incorporated. Stir in the vanilla extract for flavour.
Combine Dry and Wet Ingredients:
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, alternating with milk. Mix until the batter is smooth and free of lumps.
Enhance with Additions:
Fold in any extras like cocoa powder (for chocolate flavour) or chocolate chips.
Step 4: Bake the Cake
Pour the Batter into the Tin:
Ensure the batter is evenly spread to promote consistent baking.
Bake:
Place the tin in the oven and bake for 30–40 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the centre comes out clean.
Cool:
Allow the cake to cool in the tin for 10 minutes before transferring it to a cooling rack.
Step 5: Add Finishing Touches
Once your cake is fully cooled, it’s time to decorate. Here are some ideas:
Simple Glaze: Mix icing sugar with a small amount of milk or lemon juice to create a glaze. Drizzle over the cake.
Buttercream Frosting: Use regular or cannabutter to whip up a frosting. Add food colouring for a fun twist.
Toppings: Sprinkle with edible glitter, grated chocolate, or fresh fruit.
Adjusting Potency
If you’re using cannabis, the strength of your cake depends on the dosage of cannabutter. Start with a small slice (approximately 1/8th of the cake) and wait for at least 2 hours before consuming more to gauge the effects. This is especially important for first-time users.
Making a Non-Cannabis Alternative
For those who prefer not to use THC or CBD, you can skip the cannabutter and make a standard cake with unsalted butter. Add fun flavours like lemon zest or almond extract for a classic treat.
Storage and Shelf Life
Store your space cake in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 3 days.
For longer storage, wrap individual slices in cling film and freeze for up to 3 months.
With this recipe, you’re now equipped to make a perfect space cake in the comfort of your London kitchen. Whether you’re seeking a traditional edible experience or a CBD-infused alternative, this homemade version ensures you have full control over the flavour, potency, and ingredients.
How to Make Vegan Space Cakes?
Making vegan space cakes involves substituting traditional ingredients like butter, eggs, and milk with plant-based alternatives while maintaining the quality and flavor of the cake. Here's a step-by-step guide for crafting delicious vegan space cakes at home.
Ingredients for Vegan Space Cakes
Basic Ingredients:
Flour (Plain or Gluten-Free): 2 cups (250g)
Caster Sugar: 1½ cups (300g)
Baking Powder: 2 teaspoons
Plant-Based Butter or Vegan Cannabutter: 200g, softened
Flaxseed Egg Replacement: 2 tablespoons flaxseed meal + 6 tablespoons water
Non-Dairy Milk: ½ cup (120ml) (e.g., almond, soy, oat)
Vanilla Extract: 1 teaspoon
Optional Flavours and Additions:
Cocoa Powder: ½ cup (50g) for a chocolate version
Vegan Chocolate Chips: ½ cup (optional)
Nuts or Dried Fruit: ½ cup (optional)
For Cannabutter:
Use decarboxylated cannabis and infuse with vegan butter (e.g., Earth Balance or Flora Plant Butter).
Equipment Needed
Mixing bowls
Whisk or electric mixer
Measuring cups and spoons
Cake tin (8-inch)
Parchment paper
Oven
Step-by-Step Recipe for Vegan Space Cakes
Step 1: Prepare the Vegan Cannabutter
Decarboxylate the Cannabis:
Preheat the oven to 115°C (240°F).
Spread the cannabis evenly on a baking sheet.
Bake for 30–40 minutes, stirring occasionally, to activate the THC or CBD.
Infuse the Butter:
Melt 200g of vegan butter in a saucepan over low heat.
Add the decarboxylated cannabis and simmer for 2–3 hours, stirring occasionally.
Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth to remove plant matter.
Tip: Store the vegan cannabutter in an airtight container in the fridge.
Step 2: Make the Cake Batter
Prepare Flaxseed Egg:
Mix 2 tablespoons of flaxseed meal with 6 tablespoons of water. Let it sit for 5–10 minutes until it forms a gel-like consistency.
Preheat the Oven:
Set your oven to 175°C (350°F). Grease your cake tin or line it with parchment paper.
Mix Dry Ingredients:
In a medium bowl, combine the flour, sugar, and baking powder.
Cream the Butter:
In a separate bowl, beat the vegan cannabutter with a whisk or electric mixer until creamy.
Combine Wet Ingredients:
Add the flaxseed egg, non-dairy milk, and vanilla extract to the butter. Mix until smooth.
Incorporate Dry Ingredients:
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, mixing until the batter is smooth.
Add Extras (Optional):
Fold in vegan chocolate chips, nuts, or dried fruit for extra flavour and texture.
Step 3: Bake the Cake
Pour the Batter:
Transfer the batter into the prepared cake tin, spreading it evenly.
Bake:
Place the tin in the oven and bake for 30–40 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the centre comes out clean.
Cool:
Let the cake cool in the tin for 10 minutes, then transfer it to a wire rack to cool completely.
Decorating and Serving
Vegan Frosting:
Whip up a frosting using vegan butter, powdered sugar, and a splash of non-dairy milk. Add cocoa powder or food colouring if desired.
Toppings:
Decorate with vegan sprinkles, grated dark chocolate, or fresh fruit.
Slice and Serve:
Cut into small slices, especially if using cannabutter, as the effects of THC can take 1–2 hours to kick in. Start with a small portion.
Storage
Store the vegan space cake in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 3 days.
For longer storage, slice and freeze individual pieces for up to 3 months.
Tips for a Perfect Vegan Space Cake
Dosage: Calculate the potency of the cannabutter and adjust the amount to suit your preference.
Experiment: Try different flavours like lemon zest, orange extract, or chai spices.
Allergens: Opt for gluten-free flour if serving to guests with dietary restrictions.
Enjoy your homemade vegan space cake responsibly and share the love with your friends! Let me know if you'd like variations or further details.
What are the Rules Regarding the Use of Cannabis in the UK and Alternatives for Making Space Cakes
The use of cannabis has long been a controversial topic in the UK, and the legal framework surrounding its use remains complex. However, for those interested in making space cakes or exploring cannabis alternatives, understanding the current laws and available substitutes is essential.
Legal Status of Cannabis in the UK
Cannabis and its Classification
Cannabis is classified as a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. This classification means that the possession, distribution, or cultivation of cannabis without legal authorization is illegal.
Penalties for possession include up to 5 years in prison, an unlimited fine, or both. Supply and production can result in up to 14 years in prison, a fine, or both.
Medical Cannabis
Since 2018, medical cannabis has been legal in the UK under strict conditions. Patients with conditions such as severe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or chemotherapy-induced nausea may be prescribed cannabis-based medicines.
Access to medical cannabis is still limited and heavily regulated, requiring approval from specialist doctors.
Recreational Cannabis
Recreational use of cannabis remains illegal. Despite growing public and political debates about decriminalization, no changes to recreational cannabis laws have been enacted as of December 2024.
CBD Products
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, is legal in the UK as long as it contains no more than 0.2% THC (the psychoactive compound in cannabis).
CBD products are widely available and regulated under food safety standards rather than drug laws.
Cannabis Edibles
Cannabis-infused edibles, such as brownies or space cakes, are considered illegal unless made with legally obtained medical cannabis or CBD.
Good Alternatives to Cannabis for Making Space Cakes in the UK
For those who want to enjoy the novelty of space cakes without breaking the law, several alternatives to cannabis can be used. These substitutes provide either similar flavours, therapeutic benefits, or a culinary twist.
1. CBD (Cannabidiol)
Why It’s a Good Alternative:
CBD offers the relaxing and therapeutic properties of cannabis without the psychoactive effects. It is fully legal in the UK as long as it contains less than 0.2% THC.
How to Use:
CBD can be added to recipes in the form of oil, isolate powder, or infused butter. It integrates seamlessly into cake batters and frostings.
Where to Buy in London:
Holland & Barrett: A trusted high-street health store offering a range of CBD oils and edibles.
The Drug Store (Marylebone): Specializes in premium CBD products, including oils and isolates.
Blessed CBD (Online): A reputable brand delivering high-quality CBD products throughout the UK.
2. Hemp Powder or Hemp Protein
Why It’s a Good Alternative:
Hemp products are derived from the cannabis plant but contain negligible amounts of THC. Hemp powder or protein adds nutritional value and a mild, nutty flavour to baked goods.
How to Use:
Replace a portion of flour with hemp powder to create a unique twist on traditional space cakes.
Where to Buy in London:
Planet Organic: A health food store with multiple locations in London, offering organic hemp protein powder.
Whole Foods Market (Piccadilly Circus): Stocks high-quality hemp products for culinary use.
3. Kava Root
Why It’s a Good Alternative:
Kava is a plant-based alternative known for its calming effects, often used as a natural relaxant. While not related to cannabis, it can create a similar soothing experience.
How to Use:
Kava root powder can be mixed into recipes for a mild earthy flavour. It’s important to use it in moderation due to its potency.
Where to Buy in London:
Botanica Health (Dulwich): Specializes in herbal remedies, including kava root products.
Online Stores: Websites like Kalm with Kava deliver across the UK.
4. Chamomile
Why It’s a Good Alternative:
Chamomile is a well-known herb with calming and sleep-promoting properties. It’s a safe, legal, and widely available substitute.
How to Use:
Brew a strong chamomile tea and use it as a liquid substitute for milk or water in cake recipes.
Where to Buy in London:
Neal’s Yard Remedies (Covent Garden): Offers dried chamomile flowers and herbal blends.
Any Supermarket: Chamomile tea bags are a budget-friendly option.
5. Ashwagandha
Why It’s a Good Alternative:
Ashwagandha is an adaptogen herb renowned for reducing stress and enhancing mood. While not cannabis-related, it complements space cake recipes with its earthy flavour.
How to Use:
Mix ashwagandha powder directly into the batter or frosting for a unique taste.
Where to Buy in London:
Holland & Barrett: Provides ashwagandha capsules and powders suitable for culinary use.
Health Emporium (Notting Hill): Stocks organic ashwagandha powder.
Where to Buy These Alternatives in London
London is a hub for health and specialty stores, making it easy to find cannabis substitutes for baking:
High-Street Stores:
Holland & Barrett: Offers CBD oils, hemp products, and adaptogens like ashwagandha.
Boots: Sells CBD products from popular brands.
Specialty Health Stores:
Planet Organic: Known for its range of hemp and herbal products.
The Drug Store (Marylebone): Specializes in premium CBD and wellness products.
Online Retailers:
Blessed CBD: Delivers high-quality CBD oils and isolates.
Kalm with Kava: An online store offering kava root products.
Local Markets:
Visit London’s famous markets, such as Borough Market or Camden Market, for unique ingredients and herbal blends.
Tips for Choosing Cannabis Alternatives
Focus on Quality:
Select products from reputable brands with clear labelling and third-party testing (especially for CBD).
Understand Potency:
Ensure that any substitute used in your recipes is dosed appropriately, especially CBD or kava.
Experiment with Flavours:
Play around with combinations like chamomile and vanilla or hemp and chocolate to create a truly unique space cake.
Stay Legal:
Double-check the THC content of any CBD product to ensure it complies with UK laws.
Final Thoughts
As cannabis remains tightly regulated in the UK, alternatives like CBD, hemp, and other herbal ingredients provide a legal and accessible way to enjoy the concept of space cakes. London’s diverse health and wellness scene offers ample opportunities to source these substitutes, allowing bakers to create unique and satisfying treats that align with their personal and legal preferences.
Disclaimer:
The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or professional advice. At Pearls & Crumbs, we do not sell, promote, or endorse the use of illegal substances, including cannabis, in any form. While this article discusses the legal landscape of cannabis in the UK as of December 2024 and alternative ingredients for baking space cakes, readers are reminded to comply with all local laws and regulations.
Products and ingredients suggested as alternatives, such as CBD, hemp, and other herbal substitutes, should be sourced responsibly from reputable suppliers. Ensure that any CBD products you use meet UK legal requirements, specifically containing no more than 0.2% THC. The consumption of cannabis-infused products or substitutes is undertaken at your own risk.
Pearls & Crumbs is a family-owned, home-based cake company in London dedicated to creating delicious, traditional baked goods. We do not produce or sell space cakes or any cannabis-infused products. Any recipes or recommendations shared on our website are intended for personal use, and we encourage readers to use legal, non-psychoactive ingredients in their creations.
For further guidance on the legality of cannabis or related products, please consult a qualified legal professional. By using this information, you agree that Pearls & Crumbs is not responsible for any legal or health-related consequences arising from your actions.
Stay safe, bake responsibly, you may need to consult your physician for using any of the above ingredients!
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